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到底为什么要发展私有经济呢?说到底,为了发展社会经济的需要。私有经济越发达,市场经济就越发达;市场经济越发达,整个经济就越发达。这个道理很明白,没有私有经济,哪有市场经济呢?前面讲过,在公有制基础上是不能建立市场经济的,市场经济的微观基础就是私有经济。历史上是这样,现实也如此。发展市场经济的目标又在于提高生产效率,而不是像有的人认为的市场经济是不可逾越的阶段。不可逾越就是没有经历这个阶段,所以要补上这一课。计划经济实行得太早了,现在实行市场经济,将来时机成熟了再重新实行计划经济。既然要重新实行计划经济,那么私有经济就要消失。这些理论最后都归结为社会主义初级阶段理论这一点上。因为是初级阶段,所以要发展私有经济,要实行市场经济。将来初级阶段结束之时,计划经济就要实行,市场经济就要减少。这些观点是不对的。因为到目前为止,还没有找到第二种比市场经济更好的匹配资源的方式,而且生产力越发达,社会化程度越高,越不能实行计划经济。就我个人看来,市场经济在可遇见的未来将继续存在,并且发展下去。我在这里讲的非公有制经济,指的是私营经济,范围较小。为什么一定要发展非公有制经济呢?这个问题一直没有解释清楚,有这样几个说法,我们来逐个认识和分析一下:
In the final analysis, why should we develop the private economy? In the final analysis, in order to develop the needs of the socio-economy. The more developed the private economy is, the more developed the market economy. The more developed the market economy, the more developed the economy as a whole. This principle is very clear. Without a private economy, how can there be a market economy? As mentioned earlier, the market economy can not be established on the basis of public ownership. The micro-foundation of a market economy is the private economy. This is the history, so is the reality. The goal of developing a market economy lies in improving the efficiency of production. It is not an insurmountable phase of market economy, as some people think. Insurmountable is not experienced this stage, so to make up this lesson. The planned economy has been implemented too early. Now that a market economy is in place, the time is ripe for a future re-implementation of the planned economy. Since the planned economy needs to be re-implemented, the private economy will disappear. These theories all boil down to the theory of the primary stage of socialism. Because it is the initial stage, it is necessary to develop the private economy and to implement a market economy. When the primary phase ends in the future, the planned economy will be implemented and the market economy will have to be reduced. These views are not correct. Because so far, we have not found a second way of matching resources better than the market economy, and the more developed the productive forces, the higher the degree of socialization, and the less the planned economy can be implemented. In my own opinion, the market economy will continue to exist in the foreseeable future and develop. The non-public economy I am talking about here refers to the private economy in a relatively small area. Why must we develop the non-public economy? This issue has not been clearly explained. There are several statements made on this issue. Let us come to understand and analyze each one one by one: