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建国以来,我国铁路事业有了很大发展,铁路旅客运输担负着旅客周转量约60%。据1985年统计,我国铁路客运量和周转量比建国初期分别增长了近10倍和18倍。虽然客车辆数和列车对数也分别增加了4倍和4.8倍,但客运能力的增长速度却远远不能适应客运量的增长,运能和运量的矛盾十分突出,成为制约国民经济发展的重要因素。“买票难”、“乘车难”使得客车不得不超员运用,主要铁路干线平均超员30～50%,有的超员100%以上,京沪线有的区段超员率高达110%,造成车辆超载、损坏严重。危及行车安全。
Since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, great progress has been made in railway undertakings in our country. Railway passenger transport is responsible for about 60% of the passenger turnover. According to the statistics of 1985, the passenger transport and turnover of our railways increased by nearly 10 times and 18 times respectively over the early days of the founding of our nation. Although the number of passenger cars and train pairs also increased by 4 times and 4.8 times respectively, the growth rate of passenger capacity is far from meeting the growth of passenger traffic. The contradiction between transport capacity and transport capacity is very prominent, becoming a constraint on the development of the national economy Key factor. “Ticket Difficulties” and “Difficulty in Carriage” make the passenger cars have to be overcrowded. The average overcrowding of major railway lines is 30-50%, some over 100% and the overdraft rate of some sections on the Beijing-Shanghai line is as high as 110%, causing the vehicles Overloaded, badly damaged. Endanger driving safety.