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证据的关联性有两个构成要素:实质性与证明力。证据关联性规则体现了效率与公正两方面的价值。法官对证据关联性的判断具有较大的自由裁量权,而证据关联性的限制则具有法定性的特征。证据关联性判断与关联性证据限制的有关规则都是利益衡量的结果。《美国联邦证据规则》对证据关联性规则有比较完备的规定,而我国立法缺少对关联性证据可采性的利益衡量,尤其是证据的采纳没有将社会公益纳入考量范围,以致法院判决常有违背社会公平正义观念之虞。
The relevance of evidence has two components: the substantive and the proof. Evidence-related rules reflect the values of efficiency and fairness. Judges have more discretion in judging the relevance of evidence, while the limitation of evidence relevance has the legal character. Relevant rules for determining evidence relevance and evidence of relevance are all the result of interest measurement. The “US Federal Rules of Evidence” has relatively complete rules on the rules of evidence relevance. However, our country’s legislation lacks a measure of the interests of admissibility of the relevant evidence. In particular, the adoption of evidence does not take social welfare into consideration. As a result, Violation of the concept of social justice and justice.