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用来源于倍加单倍体的红米水稻(rdh)与无色米水稻做正反交,结果表明:杂种F1种子颜色由其所着生的母体植株基因型决定。当rdh作母本时,所结下的F1种子全是红色,当蜀恢527,蜀恢168,蜀恢368三个具有无色颖果皮(简称无色米)水稻作母本时,所结下的F1种子全是无色的。而且不管母本有没有颜色,所产生的F2种子都是红色,F3代产生红色种子与无色种子的单株分离,而且红色种子的单株对无色种子的单株是3:1(1%水平达极显著),根据杂种F1、F2和F3代种子颜色和植株分离比例,rdh种子红色表现型是由单显性基因控制的,并受母性影响。组织学研究发现rdh颖果皮有3个基本的结构层:果皮、种皮和糊粉层。果皮是类黄酮色素累积的部位,红色色素就在果皮层累积。在未成熟的种子中,种皮是累积叶绿素的部位,在成熟种子中叶绿素消失。在未成熟的种子中,糊粉层白色。显微镜分析灌浆期的rdh种子不显红色,而显绿色,绿色来自于种皮,果皮无色透明。风干期的rdh种子显示:红色色素在果皮层累积,同期种皮的绿色清晰可见。rdh成熟种子红色色素急剧增加,同期绿色渐渐消失,最后肉眼观测不到。组织切片显示种子外皮中,果皮是最厚的一层,糊粉层次之,种皮最薄。果皮外层由4列较小的长方形细胞构成,里层由5～8列不规则的细胞构成。种皮由3列薄壁细胞构成。糊粉层由5～8列椭圆形细胞构成。色素累积的发育时间实验显示红色的沉积是从种子风干期开始到完全成熟期为止。在蜀恢527无色种子中,绿色色素从受精后开始积累,到风干期达到最深;然后绿色开始变浅,成熟种子中没有绿色。比较而言,rdh种子在发育早期,从灌浆到风干期呈现的颜色与蜀恢527相同,均是绿色;但从风干期开始,较多的红色色素开始累积,到种子接近成熟,红色仍在加深,这时种皮的绿色还隐约可见;直到种子完全成熟,红色达到最深,同时绿色渐渐消失。
The results showed that the color of hybrid F1 seeds was determined by the genotype of the maternal plant in which the hybrid F1 was derived from the rdh hybrid rice haploid haploid rice. When rdh as the female parent, the F1 seeds were all red. When Shuhui 527, Shuhui 168 and Shuhui 368 were used as the female parent with colorless berry peel (referred to as colorless rice) The F1 seeds are all colorless. The F2 seed produced was red irrespective of the absence of color in the female parent, the F3 generation produced a red seed separated from the colorless seed, and the red seed had a 3: 1 (1 % Level was extremely significant). According to the seed color and plant segregation ratio of F1, F2 and F3 hybrids, the rdh seed red phenotype was controlled by the dominant gene and influenced by maternal. Histological study found rdh Ying peel has three basic structural layers: peel, seed coat and aleurone layer. Peel is a flavonoid pigment accumulation site, the accumulation of red pigment in the cortex. In immature seeds, the seed coat is the site of accumulated chlorophyll and chlorophyll disappears in the mature seed. In immature seeds, aleurone is white. Microscopic analysis rdh seed filling stage is not significant red, but significant green, green from the seed coat, peel colorless and transparent. The rdh seeds in the air-dried phase showed that the red pigment accumulated in the cortex and the green color of the seed coat was clearly visible during the same period. Rdh red pigment rapid increase in mature seeds, green gradually disappear over the same period, the last naked eye can not be observed. Tissue sections showed that the pericarp was the thickest layer in the seed coat, the aleurone layer was the thinnest and the seed coat was the thinnest. The outer pericarp consists of four smaller rectangular cells, and the inner layer consists of five to eight irregular cells. Seed coat consists of 3 parenchyma cells. Aleurone layer by 5 to 8 columns of oval cells. Pigment accumulation developmental time experiments showed that the red deposition was from the start of seed drying to the full maturity. In Shuhui 527 colorless seeds, green pigment began to accumulate after fertilization and reached the deepest in the air-dried period; then the green began to become lighter, and there was no green in mature seeds. In contrast, the rdh seeds showed the same color as Shuhu 527 at the early stage of development, from the filling to the air-drying stage, but all of the red pigments began to accumulate from the air-drying stage until the seeds became nearly mature and the red color remained Deepen, then the green of the seed coat is still vaguely visible; until the seeds are fully ripe, the red reaches the deepest, while the green gradually disappear.