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引言近50年来,单一气体在真实非均匀固体表面上的低压吸附一直引起很多科学家的极大兴趣。真空获得技术的迅速发展,尤其是低温泵的发展近20年来更是引人注目。这是因为在很低压强下,气——固界面相互作用的性质是决定希望获得的真空度的基本因素之一。所以,人们一直想建立一种吸附方程,它能够包括在非常低的压强范围内所得到的吸附数据。尽管在某些方面已有些进展,但问题一直未得到解决,争论仍然存在。本文的目的是对所有这些工作给出一个综述,主要是我们自己最近的研究成果,可以解释很多现存的问题。从理论的观点来看,这是属于物理吸附的范围,被吸附分子间的相互作用可以忽略。低
INTRODUCTION Low pressure adsorption of a single gas on a real heterogeneous solid surface has drawn great interest from many scientists for nearly 50 years. The rapid development of vacuum access technology, especially the development of cryogenic pumps is more eye-catching for nearly 20 years. This is because at very low pressure, the nature of the gas-solid interface interaction is one of the basic factors that determine the degree of vacuum desired. Therefore, one has always wanted to establish an adsorption equation that can include the adsorption data obtained over a very low pressure range. Although some progress has been made in some aspects, the problem has not been solved and the debate still exists. The purpose of this article is to give an overview of all these efforts, mainly our own recent research that explains many of the existing issues. From the theoretical point of view, this belongs to the range of physical adsorption, and the interaction between adsorbed molecules can be neglected. low