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从1981年的智利开始到20世纪末,拉美的10个国家全部或者部分地进行了公共养老保险金的私有化改革。在人口结构、经济发展等因素的影响下,私有化成了世界范围内的养老金改革趋向。一些经验表明,私有化对经济有积极的影响,能促进金融结构的调整和资本市场的发展,增加国民储蓄率和经济增长速度。同时私有化也造成了一些问题,如对妇女和低收入者的不平等。
From Chile in 1981 to the end of the 20th century, 10 countries in Latin America conducted the privatization of public pension insurance in whole or in part. Under the influence of demographic structure, economic development and other factors, privatization has become the trend of pension reform in the world. Some experience shows that privatization has a positive impact on the economy and can promote the adjustment of the financial structure and the development of the capital market, as well as increase the national saving rate and the rate of economic growth. Privatization has also caused some problems, such as inequality for women and low-income earners.