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约在1982年5月,瑞典卡罗琳斯卡医院首次将组织移植入人脑。病人是一名患严重震颤性麻痹的男人,取其一侧肾上腺髓质的三分之二,移植到其大脑尾核内。术后,肾上腺髓质在尾核产生多巴胺,弥补了一部分多巴胺的缺乏,症状有所减轻。这次尝试是向人脑作组织移植迈出的第一步。美国罗切斯特大学医学院的D.Gash预言:在美国,5～10年内,脑移植物在临床上将成为适用的。一些国家的学者已研究用脑移植物矫正实验动物生化和行为的缺陷,他们制作或选用了各种动物模型。第一种模型:破坏大鼠一侧脑半球的黑质,动物出现特有的转圈运动,若将胎儿鼠的黑质组织移植到患鼠脑室内靠近尾核之处,50%的患鼠转圈运动消失。经组织荧光和电生理实验检定,移植物确已存活和发挥功能。若将移植物取走,患鼠重又出现转圈运动。用移植坐骨神经组织作对照,则无消除转圈运动之效。有人用胎儿鼠的黑质制成脑细胞悬液,注入患鼠脑内,以代替移植固体组织。也有人用患鼠的一部分肾上腺髓质代替胎儿鼠的黑质进行移植,意外地发现:被移植的肾上腺髓质产生多巴胺多于肾上腺素(E)和去甲肾上腺素(NE),不同于在肾上腺内时其分泌E和NE多于多巴胺。似乎,被移植的肾上腺髓质的分泌适应于脑的需要。在猴体也作了类似的实验。
About May 1982, the Swedish Karolinska Hospital first transplanted tissue into the human brain. The patient, a man with severe tremor paralysis, took two-thirds of the adrenal medulla on one side and transplanted it into the caudate nucleus of his brain. Postoperative, adrenal medulla produce dopamine in the caudate nucleus, making up for the lack of part of the dopamine, the symptoms have eased. This attempt is the first step towards transplanting the human brain. D. Gash, of the University of Rochester School of Medicine, predicts that in the United States, brain grafts will be clinically available within 5 to 10 years. In some countries, scholars have studied the use of brain grafts to correct the biochemical and behavioral deficiencies of experimental animals, and they have made or selected various animal models. The first model: the destruction of one side of the rat brain hemisphere, animal unique circular movement, if the fetal rat substantia nigra tissue transplanted to the rat brain near the caudate nucleus, 50% of rats circling movement disappear. Tissue fluorescence and electrophysiological test, the graft has indeed survived and function. If the graft was removed, the rat appeared again turn movement. With the transplantation of sciatic nerve tissue as a control, then eliminate the effect of circular motion. Some people use the substantia nigra of fetal rats to make brain cell suspension and inject it into the brain of rats, instead of transplanting solid tissues. It has also been found that transplanted adrenal medulla produce more dopamine than epinephrine (E) and norepinephrine (NE) instead of fetal rat substantia nigra using part of the adrenal medulla oblongata, When adrenal secretion of E and NE more than dopamine. It seems that the secretion of transplanted adrenal medulla adapts to the needs of the brain. A similar experiment was done in the monkey.