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(一) 关于西洋油画的问世年代,中外美术史论文献几乎均注“发明于十五世纪之尼德兰,系画家凡·爱克兄弟所创”。这种油画实乃蛋青胶彩画基础上罩油渲染而成,即为海西古典油画罩明技法之始,至十九世纪方改为油直接调色作画之现代厚涂法。除此,西方史学界已别无更早之记载。可见中外学术界提倡“油画起源于西方”者,不过指此五百多年前(相当于我国明代中期)之事。 然而中国传统油画,据史书文献记载,早在二千七百多年前之周代已始创,是我国民族民间古老的一个重要传统画种,代代承续至今。近数百年因宫廷、士大夫画家转向水墨国画,传统油画渐被视为民间工匠之属,得不到重视和发展,以致分别包容泛称之木板彩画(木板之彩色画)、建筑彩画(建筑上之彩色画)、帛画(绢上之画)以及壁画、漆器彩画等名目之中,因此人们几乎不知何为中国传统油画了。 其实油彩在中国之使用极早。新石器时代以油色作彩绘陶图案出土者所见甚多,油色绘至周代发展形成完整之形式《孔子家语》赞周廷明党画尧舜
(1) With regard to the era of Western oil paintings, both the Chinese and foreign art historians have almost always written “the book invented in the fifteenth century in Netherland, created by the Van Eyck brothers.” This kind of oil painting is actually based on the egg yolk masking oil rendered from the cover, that is, the Hercynian classical oil mask cover the beginning of the technique, to the nineteenth century square instead of oil direct color painting modern thick coating method. In addition, Western historians have no earlier record. Visible Chinese and foreign academics advocate “oil originated in the West,” but refers to this 500 years ago (equivalent to China’s mid-Ming Dynasty) thing. However, traditional Chinese oil painting, according to historical records, was first established in the Zhou Dynasty more than 2700 years ago. It is an important traditional painting of our country and an ancient folk. In recent centuries, painters of imperial court and scholar-turned to ink-and-wash painting, and traditional oil paintings gradually became regarded as belonging to folk artisans without attention and development. As a result, they respectively contained the commonly known wooden plank painting (plank color painting), architectural painting Color painting on architecture), silk painting (painting on silk), and frescoes and lacquer painting, people hardly know what is a traditional Chinese painting. In fact, the use of oil in China very early. In the Neolithic era, oil colors were used to create patterns of painted pottery. Many of them were caught in the pattern of oil painting, and the oil color was painted until the Zhou dynasty developed into a complete form.