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人类学的产生与西方的殖民扩张 ,特别是与 1 9世纪后半叶欧洲对非洲的殖民征服有相当密切的关系。在这种历史背景下 ,首先形成了为西方殖民政府服务的古典人类学。 2 0世纪 60年代的非殖民化高潮引起古典主义人类学的危机 ,英国功能主义人类学、法国结构主义人类学和北美文化主义人类学最终成为 2 0世纪人类学的三大主流。非洲人类学研究以英法两国的人类学家为主 ,辛格雷顿教授是其中的佼佼者 ,他通过研究非洲某个地区人们的日常生活习俗、宗教信仰、巫术和神话等现象 ,揭示一种特定社会文化结构。他的重要观点是“没有一种发展是没有文化的” ,由此推断 ,现实社会不存在普遍的价值观 ,应当尊重每个国家独特的文化和发展道路。
The emergence of anthropology is closely related to the colonial expansion in the West, especially with the European conquest of Africa in the latter half of the 19th century. Under this historical background, the classical anthropology that served the Western colonial government was first formed. In the 1960s, the climax of decolonization caused the crisis of classical anthropology. British functionalist anthropology, French structural anthropology and North American cultural anthropology eventually became the three main streams of anthropology in the 20th century. African anthropology is dominated by anthropologists in Britain and France, and Professor Singh Layton is one of the best. He studies the phenomena of daily life, religious beliefs, witchcraft and myths of people in some parts of Africa and reveals that one Species specific social and cultural structure. His important point is that “no development is culturally uncultivated,” concluding that there is no universal value in the real world and that each country’s unique culture and development path should be respected.