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1 晋江县位于福建东南沿海,与台湾隔海相望,是福建省的重点侨乡。历史上迫于人多地少的压力,晋江人不断沿着由海外贸易开辟的航路向东南亚等地移民。抗战前夕,由侨资扶植起来的商品流通业为晋江的过剩农业人口提供了充分的就业机会,晋江因此成为名闻遐迩的全国“首富县”。但在农村改革前的1978年,晋江农民人均年收入只有52元,不少晋江姑娘为逃避贫困而远嫁到人均资源相对富浴的偏僻山区,形成劳动力人口的逆向流动。农村改革以来,晋江农民的改革实践给在旧体制下陷入困境的农村经济注入了强大的活力,农村工业化高潮的来临不仅使晋江初步摆脱了过剩人口的沉重负担,而且使晋江成为每年接纳数万名来自省内外各地剩余劳动力的“发展极”。晋江经济大起大落的曲折历程生动地揭示了人口就业与社会经济发展的相关关系。个中的历史经验至今不失其指导与启迪意义。
1 Jinjiang County, located in the southeast coast of Fujian Province and across the sea from Taiwan, is a key overseas hometown of Fujian Province. Under the pressure of more and less people in history, people from Jinjiang continued to emigrate to places in Southeast Asia along the routes opened up by overseas trade. On the eve of the war of resistance against Japan, the circulation of commodities, supported by overseas Chinese funds, provided sufficient employment opportunities for the surplus agricultural population in Jinjiang. Jinjiang therefore became the richest county in the country. However, before the rural reform in 1978, the annual per capita income of peasants in Jinjiang was only 52 yuan. Many of the girls in Jinjiang marched to the remote mountainous areas where per capita resources were relatively rich to escape poverty and formed a reverse flow of the labor force. Since the rural reform, the reform practice of peasants in Jinjiang has infused strong vitality into the rural economy troubled by the old system. The advent of the rural industrialization upsurge not only enabled Jinjiang to get rid of the heavy burden of the excess population, but also made Jinjiang an annual acceptance of tens of thousands The names of “development poles” come from the surplus labor force both inside and outside the province. The winding ups and downs of Jinjiang economy have vividly revealed the correlation between population employment and social and economic development. The history of the experience so far without losing its guidance and inspirational significance.