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固体废物堆积、发酵和水分等资源流失对载人航天任务,特别是长时间、远距离任务的飞船内部空间利用、航天员人身安全和生命保障物资发射质量均有重要影响。概述了美国和国内载人航天任务中固体废物管理和处理技术的研究进展,论述了固体废物的来源、性质以及与载人航天任务的关系,针对短期、中期和长期航天任务分别提出了相应处理技术并对各技术相关信息进行论述,分析和比较了各种方法的优点和不足。在此基础上提出了我国开展固体废物处理技术的研究建议,为相关研究提供参考。
The loss of solid waste accumulation, fermentation and water resources have an important impact on the manned space mission, especially the long-term and long-range missions, the space utilization within the spacecraft, the personal safety of astronauts and the quality of life support materials. The progress of research on solid waste management and disposal technologies in the United States and China’s manned space missions was summarized. The sources and properties of solid waste and its relationship with manned space missions were discussed. Corresponding treatment was proposed for short, medium and long term space missions respectively Technology and technology-related information on the discussion, analysis and comparison of the advantages and disadvantages of various methods. Based on this, the author puts forward some suggestion for carrying out the solid waste treatment technology in our country and provides reference for the related research.