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根据汽车与行人侧向碰撞时人体腿和膝关节部位的生物力学特性以及计算机模拟碰撞结果,以腿部仿形器为模拟对象,应用有限元法定性、定量地分析了保险杠高度及形状等因素对人体腿及膝关节损伤程度的影响。分析结果表明,对于一定形状的保险杠,当碰撞位置接近膝关节中心时,将会增加膝关节的剪切变形、弯曲变形和损伤程度;当碰撞位置在胫骨质心以下时,将会增加腿及膝关节遭受“二次碰撞”而造成严重损伤的可能性。本文的研究和分析结果对于探讨如何从汽车设计角度最大限度地减轻行人被汽车碰撞造成的损伤程度有一定的参考价值。
According to the biomechanical characteristics of the human leg and knee joint when the car and the pedestrian side impact collide and the results of the computer simulation collision, using the leg simulator as the simulation object, finite element method is used to qualitatively and quantitatively analyze the height and shape of the bumper Effect of factors on human leg and knee joint injury. The results show that for a certain shape of the bumper, when the collision position close to the center of the knee joint, will increase the knee joint shear deformation, bending deformation and damage; when the collision position below the tibia center of mass, will increase the legs and Knee joint suffered “secondary collision” and the possibility of causing serious damage. The results of the research and analysis in this paper have some reference value for exploring how to minimize the degree of damage caused by pedestrian collisions from the perspective of automobile design.