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目的为了理解和掌握鼠疫在自然界中延续存在的机制、控制鼠疫疫源地和防止鼠疫传播。方法本文通过对中国学术期刊网、维普、万方及外文数据库等检索相关文献并对文献进行解析,综述了鼠疫在自然界延续存在的机制。结果鼠疫是一种自然疫源性疾病,其在自然界中延续生存涉及多个生态学因素:首先是宿主,包括宿主种类、密度、抗性以及抗性个体与易感个体的比例、年龄、遗传、免疫、繁殖及生理状态等;第二是蚤类,包括蚤的种类、丰富度、密度、群落结构、繁殖能力及生活史等;第三是生态环境,包括景观结构、生境隔离、土壤中微量元素及鸟兽迁徙等。结论将来鼠疫在自然界延续生存的研究应该主要集中在以下几个方面:首先,把鼠疫疫源地作为特定的生态系统进行系统研究;第二,建立生态学模型,定量分析影响鼠疫分布和发生的主要环境因子及其若干机制;第三,在全球气候变化背景下,利用现代信息技术,分析预测将来我国鼠疫的时空变化趋势和规律,探明鼠疫可能发生的时间和空间,及其扩散演变趋势,实现实时预警,变被动防治为主动防控。本文对全面理解鼠疫的自然疫源性和防治鼠疫传播具有重要科学意义。
Objective To understand and master the mechanism of plague epidemic in nature, control the plague origin and prevent the spread of plague. Methods In this paper, we searched related literature of China Academic Journal Net, Vip, Wanfang and foreign language databases and analyzed the literature, and summarized the mechanism of plague in nature. Results Plague is a natural foci of disease. Survival in nature involves a number of ecological factors: first is the host, including the host species, density, resistance, and the ratio of resistant individuals to susceptible individuals, age, genetic , Immunity, reproduction and physiological status; the second is fleas, including flea species, richness, density, community structure, reproductive capacity and life history; the third is the ecological environment, including landscape structure, habitat isolation, soil Trace elements and birds and animals migration and so on. Conclusions In the future, the research on the survival of plague in nature should be mainly focused on the following aspects: Firstly, the plague origin was systematically studied as a specific ecosystem; secondly, the ecological model was established to quantitatively analyze the distribution and occurrence of plague Main environmental factors and some mechanisms of them; Third, under the background of global climate change, using modern information technology to analyze and forecast the temporal and spatial variation trends and laws of plague in our country in the future, to find out the possible time and space for plague, , To achieve real-time early warning, passive prevention and control as the active prevention and control. This article is of important scientific significance to fully understand the natural foci of plague and prevent and control the spread of plague.