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目的分析乐山沙湾区“十二五”期间尘肺病发病特征,为政府部门制定“十三五”职业病防治规划提供科学依据。方法导出“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”下的“健康危害因素信息监测系统”平台常规报告的沙湾区尘肺病例个案资料,建立Epi Data进行数据录入,用SPSS19.0软件统计分析。结果沙湾区“十二五”期间报告尘肺病388例,Ⅰ期尘肺251例(64.69%),Ⅱ期尘肺117例(30.15%),Ⅲ期尘肺20例(5.16%),首次诊断为Ⅱ、Ⅲ期尘肺的比例较高(33.07%),合并肺结核比例较低(3.09%);煤工尘肺和矽肺为主要病种,其发病年龄分别为50.99±9.38岁和56.75±11.58岁,接尘工龄分别为16.29±9.06年和11.85±8.74年,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);主要分布于煤炭行业,社会事务行业病例数也相对较多,工种呈多元化分布。结论煤工尘肺和矽肺是沙湾区的主要尘肺病,应采取有效措施维护接尘劳动者的健康权益。
Objective To analyze the incidence of pneumoconiosis in Shawan District of Leshan during the “Twelfth Five-year Plan” and provide scientific basis for government departments to formulate “Thirteen Five-Year Plan” for occupational disease prevention and control. Methods Data of cases of pneumoconiosis in Shawan District routinely reported by Health Hazard Information Monitoring System under China Disease Prevention and Control Information System were collected and Epi Data was collected for data entry. SPSS19.0 software was used for statistical analysis . Results 388 cases of pneumoconiosis, 251 cases of stage I pneumoconiosis (II), 117 cases of stage II pneumoconiosis (30.15%) and 20 cases of stage III pneumoconiosis (5.16%) were reported during the period of “12th Five-year Plan” (33.07%) and lower percentage of combined tuberculosis (3.09%). Coal worker’s pneumoconiosis and silicosis were the main diseases with the age of onset of 50.99 ± 9.38 years and 56.75 ± 11.58 years, respectively, The length of workers receiving dust was 16.29 ± 9.60 years and 11.85 ± 8.74 years, respectively, with significant differences (P <0.05). They were mainly distributed in the coal industry, with relatively large number of cases in the social affairs industry and diversified work types. Conclusions Coal workers’ pneumoconiosis and silicosis are the major pneumoconiosis in Sha Wan. Effective measures should be taken to safeguard the health rights and interests of those who work on dust.