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十二生肖中,羊文化的丰富内涵令人瞩目。这个头上长角的可爱家伙庶几成了善与美的化身。汉字中“善、美、羡、羲”皆从羊,表吉祥善美之意。让羊名声大振的是东汉的许慎,他在《说文解字》中言“羊,祥也”。他还在《说文解字》中释“美”:“美者,甘也,从羊大”。羊大为美的说法被现代美学所接受,影响极大,成为对“美”的形象的经典解释。在故事或传说中,羊通常是以善良、温驯甚至是弱小的形象出现。最常见的是把可怜的羊与凶恶的狼放到一块来对比。比如《狼和小羊》,狼要吃小羊了,还要堂而皇之找个莫须有的借口;比如《披着羊皮的狼》,坏人作恶,也知道那一张“羊皮”还是很值钱的。而今,“亡羊补牢”这个成语经常挂在某些人的嘴边,成为其推卸责任的借口。晋代干宝《搜神记》中有宋定伯捉鬼的故事,鬼被捉后化为羊,被宋定伯卖之得钱。读这个故事,有时我发奇想:若将现在的反贪取譬为捉鬼,贪官在被捉之后若能变成羊,也让咱老百姓卖之得钱,他也将功折罪,善莫大焉,岂不妙哉?一哂。
In the zodiac, the rich connotation of the sheep culture is striking. The lovely guy with long horns on his head almost became the embodiment of goodness and beauty. Chinese characters “good, beautiful, envy, Xi” are from the sheep, auspicious meaning good. Sheep in the Eastern Han Dynasty, Xu Shen said in his “Explain Word” sheep, Cheung Yee. He also explained “beauty” in “Shuowen Jiezi”: “The United States, willing, from the big sheep.” The idea that the great beauty of sheep is accepted by modern aesthetics has great influence and becomes the classic explanation of the image of “beauty.” In stories or legends, sheep usually appear in the form of kindness, gentleness, or even weakness. The most common is to compare the poor sheep with the wicked wolf. Such as “wolves and lambs,” wolves eat lambs, but also openly find an unwarranted excuse; such as “wolf in sheepskin” bad guys do evil, but also know that a “sheepskin” is still very valuable. Nowadays, the idiom “remedial measures” often hangs on the lips of some people and becomes an excuse to shirk its responsibility. In the Jin Dynasty dried up treasure “In Search of God” there is Song Dingbo catching a ghost story, the ghost was captured into a sheep, Song Dingbo was selling money. Reading this story, I sometimes wondered: if the current anti-corruption is used as a ghost, corrupt officials can become sheep after being captured, let the people sell their money, he will also apologize, Not surprisingly?