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目的探讨沙尘暴对成人健康的急性影响。方法选取兰州市和敦煌市4所小学的学生家长共1748位成人为研究对象,在2009年4月23日沙尘暴发生前1d发放调查问卷,连续跟踪调查7d,调查内容为一般状况和急性刺激症状等40项内容。结果沙尘暴发生当天成人急性刺激症状发生人数均有不同程度的增多,与沙尘暴发生前1d比较,眼睛发干、眼部异物感、流泪、畏光,鼻腔干燥、流涕、鼻塞,咽部干痒、咽痛、咳嗽,嘴唇干燥、嘴唇干裂,皮肤干燥、皮肤过敏、皮肤感染等发生率升高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01),其余症状发生率有所升高,但无统计学意义。除流泪、咽痛、皮肤过敏和皮肤感染外,其余症状发生率男性均高于女性,其中眼睛发干、鼻腔干燥、鼻塞、嘴唇干燥症状发生率差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。沙尘暴过境后4d,成人急性刺激症状发生人数逐渐减少。经过多因素Logistic回归发现吸烟、沙尘状况、沙尘暴前有身体不适、眼部感染、肺气肿、哮喘发作和上呼吸道感染等病史与沙尘暴后出现急性刺激症状呈正相关。结论沙尘暴对成人能造成急性健康损伤,且高发于男性。
Objective To investigate the acute effects of sandstorms on adult health. Methods A total of 1748 adult parents from 4 primary schools in Lanzhou and Dunhuang were selected as research subjects. Questionnaires were distributed 1 d before the occurrence of sandstorms on April 23, 2009, and were followed up for 7 days. The contents of the survey were general and acute symptoms 40 items. Results The number of adult acute irritation symptoms increased to some extent on the day of sandstorm. Compared with the first day before the sandstorm, the eyes had dry eyes, foreign body sensation, tears, photophobia, dry nasal passages, runny nose, stuffy nose, , Sore throat, cough, dry lips, chapped lips, dry skin, skin allergies and skin infections. The difference was statistically significant (P <0.05, P <0.01), the incidence of other symptoms increased, But not statistically significant. In addition to tearing, sore throat, skin allergies and skin infections, the incidence of other symptoms were higher in males than in females. The incidence of dry eyes, dry nasal passages, nasal obstruction and dry lips were significantly different (P <0.05). Four days after the sandstorm transit, the number of adult acute irritation symptoms gradually decreased. After multivariate Logistic regression, smoking, dust and sandstorm, physical discomfort before sandstorm, ocular infection, emphysema, asthma attack and upper respiratory tract infection were found to be positively correlated with acute stimulation after sandstorm. Conclusions Dust storms can cause acute health damage to adults and occur in men.