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目的了解某大型垃圾卫生填埋场对周边儿童非特异免疫功能的影响。方法采用分层整群随机抽样的方法对某垃圾填埋场周边的3所小学四至六年级(9～12岁)小学生进行流行病学调查,距垃圾填埋场半径2km以内的小学生为高暴露组,2至5km之间的小学生为低暴露组,5km以外的小学生为对照组。采集唾液,对唾液溶菌酶、SIgA浓度进行检测和分析,同时监测室外空气污染物。结果室外空气监测结果显示,污染物浓度与垃圾填埋场距离有关,除CO外,甲烷、NO2、SO2、NH3、H2S、PM10浓度以及臭气强度均随与填埋场距离的缩短而升高。高暴露组、低暴露组、对照组儿童的唾液溶菌酶浓度分别为61.40、71.37、76.10μg/ml,SIgA浓度分别为204.11、224.28、248.44μg/ml。高暴露组和低暴露组唾液溶菌酶、SIgA浓度均低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);且随着暴露程度的加重,唾液溶菌酶、SIgA浓度均呈下降趋势。结论垃圾填埋场产生的有害物质影响了儿童非特异性免疫功能,造成机体抵抗力下降。
Objective To understand the impact of a large-scale landfill on the non-specific immune function of peripheral children. Methods A stratified cluster random sampling method was used to carry out epidemiological investigation on three primary school students in grades 4 to 6 (9 ~ 12 years old) in the vicinity of a landfill. High school pupils within a radius of 2km from the landfill were exposed. In the group, the pupils between 2 and 5km were the low exposure group and the pupils outside 5km were the control group. Saliva was collected, salivary lysozyme, SIgA concentration was detected and analyzed, while monitoring outdoor air pollutants. Results The results of outdoor air monitoring showed that the concentration of pollutants was related to the landfill distance. Except CO, the concentrations of methane, NO2, SO2, NH3, H2S and PM10 as well as the odor intensity increased with the shortening of landfill distance . The salivary lysozyme concentrations of high exposure group, low exposure group and control group were 61.40, 71.37 and 76.10 μg / ml respectively, and the concentrations of SIgA were 204.11,224.28 and 248.44μg / ml, respectively. The concentrations of salivary lysozyme and SIgA in the high and low exposure groups were lower than those in the control group (P <0.05), and the concentrations of salivary lysozyme and SIgA tended to decline with the increasing exposure. Conclusion The harmful substances produced by landfills affect the non-specific immune function of children, resulting in the decrease of body immunity.