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1686年春,广东巡抚李士祯在广州颁布了一项公告,宣布凡是“身家殷实”之人,只要每年缴纳一定的白银,就可作为“官商”包揽对外贸易。令李士祯想不到的是,这一公告竟会在以后的岁月里为中国催生出一位世界首富。17世纪后期,康熙皇帝暂时放宽了海禁政策,来华从事贸易的外国商人日益增多。于是,广东地方政府于1686年招募了13家较有实力的行商,指定他们与洋船上的外商做生意并代海关征
In the spring of 1686, the governor of Guangdong, Li Shizhen, issued a proclamation in Guangzhou declaring that whenever “a well-off family member” is paid, as long as a certain amount of silver is paid each year, foreign trade can be taken over as “official”. What Li Shizhen could not think of is that this announcement will in the future give birth to China as the world’s richest man. In the late 17th century, Emperor Kangxi temporarily relaxed the sea ban policy and the number of foreign businessmen engaged in trade in China increased day by day. As a result, the Guangdong local government recruited thirteen more powerful dealers in 1686 to designate them to do business with foreigners on foreign ships and to take the customs declaration