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目的建立危害分析与关键控制点(HACCP),探讨其应用于不锈钢炼钢工作场所粉尘危害的控制效果。方法选取某不锈钢炼钢工作场所,利用危害分析原理,对生产工艺、作业环境进行职业卫生调查,找出关键控制点,实施有效的控制措施,并通过粉尘浓度监测验证HACCP系统运行效果。结果工作场所中粉尘的危害关键控制点位于耐火材料操作区、清洁岗位、卸料区等区域。经过危害源控制、工程防护、个体防护、操作管理等控制措施后80%岗位的粉尘浓度明显下降,其中钢包卧式烘烤区和清洁岗位接触的粉尘浓度分别下降了6倍和81倍,各岗位工人实际接触的粉尘浓度低于职业接触限值。结论 HACCP体系的建立和运用,能够有效控制不锈钢炼钢工作场所中的粉尘危害,保护工人职业健康。
Objective To establish a hazard analysis and critical control point (HACCP) to investigate the control effect of dust on the stainless steel steelmaking workplace. Methods A stainless steel steelmaking workplace was selected. According to the principle of hazard analysis, the occupational health survey was conducted on the production process and operating environment to find out the key control points and implement effective control measures. The operation effect of HACCP system was verified through dust concentration monitoring. Results The hazards of dust in the workplace The critical control points are in refractory material handling areas, cleaning jobs, discharge areas and other areas. After the control measures such as hazard source control, project protection, individual protection and operation management, the dust concentration of 80% post decreased obviously. The dust concentration in contact with ladle horizontal baking area and cleaning post decreased 6 times and 81 times The actual contact dust concentration of post workers is lower than the occupational exposure limit. Conclusion The establishment and application of HACCP system can effectively control the dust hazard in the stainless steel steelmaking workplace and protect the occupational health of workers.