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目的了解电焊作业职业病危害因素对工人健康的影响,并提出相关防制对策。方法选择全区部分厂矿的男性电焊工268人为电焊组,选择不接触电焊作业及其他职业病危害因素的办公室工作人员268人作为照组。对两组人群进行职业史、呼吸系统、神经系统、听觉、视力等职业健康检查,并对卫生防护知识知晓状况等进行调查。结果 268例电焊工人患支气管炎24例(8.96%),肺炎17例(6.34%),视力下降85例(31.72%),头疼、头晕症状121例(45.15%),有失眠、健忘症状141例(52.61%),听力下降128例(47.76%),主诉肌肉关节痛158例(58.96%),患有金属烟热病12例(4.48%),锰中毒5例(1.87%)。与对照组比较,除了锰中毒差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)外,其他症状发生率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。卫生防护知识知晓情况:电焊组对职业病危害因素、可致什么职业病、职业禁忌证;对眼睛的伤害、佩戴面罩(或眼镜)、手套防护,安装通风设施知识的知晓率,与对照组比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论该区电焊作业危害严重,改善电焊作业环境和加强个人防护是防治电焊作业职业病危害的根本措施。
Objective To understand the impact of occupational hazards in welding operation on workers' health and to put forward some countermeasures for prevention and control. Methods A total of 268 male welders in selected factories and mines in the region were selected as the welding group, and 268 office workers who did not touch the welding operation and other occupational hazards were selected as the group. Conduct occupational health checkup on occupational history, respiratory system, nervous system, auditory and visual acuity in two groups of people and investigate the status of knowledge on health protection. Results 268 cases of bronchitis were found in 24 cases (8.96%), pneumonia in 17 cases (6.34%), vision loss in 85 cases (31.72%), headache and dizziness in 121 cases (45.15%), insomnia and amnesia symptoms in 141 cases (52.61%), 128 cases (47.76%) of hearing loss, 158 cases (58.96%) complained of muscular joint pain, 12 cases (4.48%) of metal fume fever and 5 cases (1.87%) of manganese poisoning. Compared with the control group, except for the difference of manganese poisoning, there was no significant difference (P> 0.05), the difference of other symptoms were statistically significant (P <0.01). Health awareness of knowledge about the situation: welding group of occupational hazards, what kind of occupational diseases, occupational contraindications; eye damage, wearing a mask (or glasses), gloves protection, installation of ventilation knowledge awareness, compared with the control group, The difference was not statistically significant (P> 0.05). Conclusion The welding operation in this area is seriously harmed. Improving the welding operation environment and strengthening personal protection are the fundamental measures to prevent occupational hazards in welding operation.