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青年脑卒中的发病率逐年增加,其最终导致青年人的高致残率已备受社会各界的关注。复杂多样的病因及危险因素是青年脑卒中事件发生的原因。有些病因及危险因素是先天因素,是不可预防和控制的,如先天性脑血管畸形、脑淀粉样血管病。多数病因及危险因素是可预防和控制的,并可最终避免青年脑血管病事件的发生,如高血压、糖尿病、吸烟、饮酒等。这些复杂多样的病因及危险因素很多在发病前不被知晓或不被重视,最终造成脑血管病发病越来越年轻化。现就青年缺血性与出血性卒中的病因、危险因素的异同予以综述。
The incidence of youth stroke is increasing year by year, which ultimately leads to the high morbidity rate of young people and has drawn the attention of all sectors of society. Complex and diverse causes and risk factors is the cause of youth stroke. Some causes and risk factors are congenital factors, are not preventable and control, such as congenital cerebrovascular malformations, cerebral amyloid angiopathy. Most etiology and risk factors are preventable and controllable, and can eventually avoid the occurrence of cerebrovascular diseases such as hypertension, diabetes, smoking, drinking and so on. Many of these complex and diverse etiology and risk factors are not known or not valued before the onset, which eventually leads to an increasingly younger onset of cerebrovascular disease. The etiology and risk factors of ischemic and hemorrhagic stroke in young people are summarized.