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在甘肃省河西绿洲灌区石羊河流域设计大田试验,研究了不同灌溉量[常规灌溉(330mm)、节水20%灌溉(264mm)和节水40%灌溉(198mm)]和施氮量(0、40、80和120kgN.hm-2)对紫花苜蓿(Medicagosativa)株高、干草产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明:灌溉与施氮对紫花苜蓿植株高度产生一定的影响,但其效果不明显;各茬紫花苜蓿干草产量随灌溉量增加而增加,不同灌溉之间的干草产量相差显著,节水40%灌溉、节水20%灌溉和常规灌溉的全生育期(3茬)平均干草产量分别为7232、7603和7796kg.hm-2;节水40%灌溉的水分利用效率(15.56kg.hm-2.mm-1)显著高于节水20%灌溉(13.86kg.hm-2.mm-1),节水20%灌溉的水分利用效率显著高于常规灌溉(12.60kg.hm-2.mm-1),水分利用效率随灌溉量增加而显著降低;当施氮量达到40kgN.hm-2时,紫花苜蓿干草产量(8223kg.hm-2)和水分利用效率(15.18kg.hm-2.mm-1)达到最大值,总干草产量比0、80和120kgN.hm-2施氮处理分别提高15%、16%和7%,水分利用效率分别提高14%、14%和8%。在河西绿洲灌区石羊河流域第一年种植紫花苜蓿,从经济、生态和环境方面考虑,节水40%灌溉和施氮40kgN.hm-2处理是较高干草产量和高水分利用效率取得一致的处理,应大面积推广。
Field experiment was conducted in Shiyang River Basin of Hexi Oasis Irrigation Area in Gansu Province. The effects of different irrigation amount (conventional irrigation (330mm), water saving 20% irrigation (264mm) and water saving 40% irrigation (198mm) , 40, 80 and 120kgN.hm-2) on plant height, hay yield and water use efficiency of Medicago sativa. The results showed that irrigation and nitrogen application had some effects on alfalfa plant height, but the effect was not obvious. The hay yield of alfalfa increased with the increase of irrigation volume, the difference of hay yield was significant between different irrigation, water saving was 40% Irrigation, water saving The average hay yield during the whole growth period (3 stubs) of 20% irrigation and conventional irrigation was 7232, 7603 and 7796 kg.hm-2, respectively. The water use efficiency of 40% water saving irrigation was 15.56kg.hm-2. mm-1) was significantly higher than that of 20% irrigation (13.86kg.hm-2.mm-1), water use efficiency of 20% water saving irrigation was significantly higher than that of conventional irrigation (12.60kg.hm-2.mm-1 ), And the water use efficiency decreased significantly with the increase of irrigation volume. When the nitrogen application rate reached 40kgN.hm-2, the hay production and water use efficiency (8223kg.hm-2) and water use efficiency (15.18kg.hm-2.mm- 1) reached the maximum. The total hay yield increased by 15%, 16% and 7%, and the water use efficiency increased by 14%, 14% and 8% respectively compared with 0, 80 and 120kgN.hm-2 nitrogen treatments. Alfalfa was planted in the first year of Shiyang River basin in Hexi Oasis Irrigation Area. Economically, ecologically and environmentally, 40% N.hm-2 water-saving and 40% nitrogen-saving treatments were consistent with higher hay yield and water use efficiency The treatment should be large-scale promotion.