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以3种有机质作为主要包膜材料制得3种包膜(腐殖酸包膜、花生麸包膜、生物碳包膜)尿素,采用25℃静水连续溶出试验检测其养分释放特性,通过玉米盆栽试验和水稻大田试验,对3种有机质包膜尿素的肥效和氮肥利用率进行研究。溶出试验结果表明:3种有机质包膜尿素具有良好的缓释效果,其中生物碳包膜尿素达到缓释肥料标准(GB/T23348-2009)要求。玉米盆栽试验结果显示,与等氮施肥的普通尿素相比,3种有机质包膜尿素对盆栽玉米生物量的增产效果显著,分别达32.96%、25.38%、24.10%;氮肥利用率分别达到77.21%、76.16%和57.67%,比普通尿素提高2倍以上;其收获后土壤残留的矿质态氮含量也有所增加。水稻大田小区试验结果表明:以腐殖酸包膜尿素配制的2种缓释BB肥均能促进水稻生长,稻穗长和稻谷千粒重增加,稻谷单产分别增加20.5%和23.1%,达到显著水平。
The three kinds of organic matter as the main coating material made of three kinds of envelope (humic acid coating, peanut bran coating, biological carbon capsule) urea, 25 ℃ static water dissolution test to test its nutrient release characteristics, Experiments and rice field experiments were conducted to study the fertilizer efficiency and nitrogen use efficiency of three kinds of organic matter coated urea. The results of dissolution test showed that the three kinds of organic-coated urea have a good slow-release effect, of which the bio-carbon coated urea has reached the standard of slow release fertilizer (GB / T23348-2009). The result of pot experiment in maize showed that the yield of potted maize biomass was significantly higher than that of normal urea with equivalent nitrogen application by 32.96%, 25.38% and 24.10%, respectively, and the utilization rate of nitrogen fertilizer reached 77.21% , 76.16% and 57.67%, respectively. Compared with ordinary urea, the content of mineral nitrogen in soil increased more than 2 folds. The results of rice field trial showed that two kinds of slow-release BB fertilizer formulated with humic acid coated urea could promote the growth of rice, the length of rice and the increase of 1000-grain weight of rice. The yield of rice increased by 20.5% and 23.1% respectively, reaching significant level.