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20世纪以来,在文化遗产保护领域最为世人所瞩目的问题之一,可能就是殖民统治或者是战争时期被盗窃或者非法盗运出原属国的文物的返还和赔偿问题。虽然由于公众的呼声、国际社会的干预和法律的压力,有些文化遗产被归还给原属国。但仍有大量的文化遗产被保存在非原属国的博物馆里,其中也包括众多流失海外的中国文物。希腊政府长期以来所进行的大英博物馆收藏的埃尔金雕刻返还的斗争,进一步揭示了殖民统治或者是战争时期被盗窃或者非法盗运出原属国的文物的返还和赔偿问题的复杂性和困难性,因为仅仅依靠道德的呼吁是远远不够的,更多的时候起作用的应该是法律,包括所涉及相关国家的适用法律,还有就是有关的国际公约,在没有明确的法律可以依靠的情况下,道德所起的作用可大可小。
Since the 20th century, one of the most notable problems in the world for the protection of cultural heritage may be the return and compensation of cultural relics stolen or illegally stolen from the countries of origin during colonial rule or war. Although some cultural heritage is returned to the countries of origin because of public scrutiny, international community intervention and legal pressure. However, a large number of cultural heritages are still kept in museums of non-native countries, including many Chinese cultural relics lost abroad. The long-held struggle by the Greek government to return Elgin sculpture collected by the British Museum further reveals the complexity and difficulty of the issue of repatriation and compensation of cultural relics stolen or illegally stolen from the countries of origin during colonial rule or war Because just relying on moral appeal is not enough, more often the law should work, including the applicable laws of the countries involved, and the relevant international conventions, in the absence of a clear law to rely on Next, the role of morality may be different.