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目的掌握2013-2014年章丘市麻疹流行病学特征,探讨发病原因和趋势,为制定麻疹防控策略提供依据。方法对章丘市2013-2014年麻疹疫情资料进行描述流行病学分析。结果 2013-2014年共报告麻疹疑似病例63例,排除19例,实验室确诊44例。2013-2014年发病率分别为2.95/10万和1.37/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ2=5.90,P<0.05)。总发病率为2.15/10万,城区为4.34/10万,乡村为1.64/10万,差异有统计学意义(χ2=10.77,P<0.01)。发病率男性为2.47/10万,女性为1.84/10万,差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.95,P>0.05)。44例中,2-5月发病的占72.73%,1岁以下儿童占75%,散居儿童占84.09%,无麻疹疫苗免疫史或免疫史不详的占97.73%。结论 2013-2014年章丘市麻疹疫情有所回升,小年龄组儿童和成人发病较高,医院内感染是重要的传播因素。章丘市应努力提高含麻疹成分疫苗常规免疫接种率和及时接种率,适时开展补充免疫和重点人群接种,同时加强疫情监测,及时发现并隔离病人,做好院内感染的控制,严格落实入托入学接种证查验工作,努力将麻疹发病降到较低的水平。
OBJECTIVE To grasp the epidemiological characteristics of measles in Zhangqiu City from 2013 to 2014, explore the causes and trends of measles, and provide basis for making measles prevention and control strategies. Methods Epidemiological analysis of measles outbreak data from 2013 to 2014 in Zhangqiu City was conducted. Results A total of 63 measles cases were reported in 2013-2014, 19 cases were excluded and 44 cases were laboratory confirmed. The incidence rates in 2013-2014 were 2.95 / 100 000 and 1.37 / 100 000, respectively, with significant differences (χ2 = 5.90, P <0.05). The overall incidence rate was 2.15 / 100000, the urban area was 4.34 / 100000, the rural area was 1.64 / 100000, the difference was statistically significant (χ2 = 10.77, P <0.01). The incidence of males was 2.47 / lakh and that of females was 1.84 / lakh, the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 = 0.95, P> 0.05). Of the 44 cases, 72.73% were diagnosed from February to May, 75% were children under 1 year old, and 84.09% were scattered children. No measles vaccine immunization history or unknown immunization history accounted for 97.73%. Conclusion The epidemic situation of measles in Zhangqiu City increased from 2013 to 2014, with a higher incidence in children and adults in the younger age group. Infection in hospitals was an important transmission factor. Zhangqiu City should strive to raise the routine immunization coverage rate and timely vaccination rate of measles-containing vaccine in a timely manner to carry out supplementary immunization and vaccination of key populations, while strengthening the epidemic monitoring, timely detection and isolation of patients, nosocomial infection control, strict implementation of enrollment admission Vaccination certificate inspection work, efforts to reduce the incidence of measles to a lower level.