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目的了解广州市萝岗区3~6岁集体儿童无症状性血尿的发病率,进一步查找病因并进行追踪随访。方法运用流行病学调查的方法,对萝岗区5 602名3~6岁集体儿童进行尿常规筛查,2周内连续3次尿检镜下血尿均阳性者确诊为无症状性血尿。对确诊患儿进一步检查病因。结果确诊无症状性血尿49例,总发病率为0.88%(49/5 602)。其中,男19例(0.64%),女30例(1.14%),差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。40例接受检查者中发现左肾静脉压迫综合征9例(22.5%)、特发性高钙尿症5例(12.5%)、尿路感染5例(12.5%)、急性肾炎3例(7.5%)、紫癜性肾炎1例(2.5%)、IgA肾病1例(2.5%)、多囊肾1例(2.5%)、肾积水1例(2.5%)、14例(35.0%)暂时病因不明。结论无症状性血尿在3~6岁儿童中有一定的发病率,其中部分患儿为器质性疾病,存在远期肾损害可能,应早期给予积极治疗。建议将尿常规筛查纳入儿童保健检查项目中。
Objective To understand the incidence of asymptomatic hematuria in children aged 3 ~ 6 years in Luogang District of Guangzhou City, and further investigate the etiology and follow-up. Methods A total of 5 602 children aged 3-6 years in Luogang District were routinely screened for urinalysis by means of epidemiological investigation. Asymptomatic hematuria was diagnosed in three consecutive urine biopsies in two weeks. On the diagnosis of children to further examine the cause. The results confirmed 49 cases of asymptomatic hematuria, the overall incidence was 0.88% (49/5 602). Among them, there were 19 males (0.64%) and 30 females (1.14%), the difference was statistically significant (P <0.05). Among the 40 patients who were examined, 9 cases (22.5%) of left renal vein compression syndrome, 5 cases (12.5%) of idiopathic hypercalciuria, 5 cases of urinary tract infection (12.5%) and 3 cases of acute nephritis , 1 case of purpura nephritis (2.5%), 1 case of IgA nephropathy (2.5%), 1 case of polycystic kidney disease (2.5%), 1 case of hydronephrosis (2.5%) and 14 cases (35.0% unknown. Conclusion Asymptomatic hematuria in children aged 3 to 6 years have a certain morbidity, some of which are organic diseases and may have long-term renal damage. Active treatment should be given early. It is recommended to include routine urine screening in child health checkups.