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1.绪言在一台发动机的零件中,气缸套往往是造成“关系不良”的零件。甚至它的存在都会成为问题,现在世界上制造的大多数汽油发动机气缸体已不装气缸套。尽管如此,许多高性能点火式发动机以及几乎全部压燃式发动机均要求采用气缸套,气缸套的主要功能是: (1)活塞的导向: (2)帮助密封(气、油和水); (3)帮助燃烧区的冷却。表1列出当气缸套不能完成这些功能的某些或全部功能时,发动机可能发生的一些故障。表1中所列的重大设计特点是为保证降低气缸套凸缘附近的应力以及降低和均衡热应力所需的。
1. INTRODUCTION Cylinder liners are often the part that causes “bad relationships” in an engine part. Even its existence can be a problem, and most gas engine cylinder blocks manufactured in the world now have no cylinder liners. In spite of this, many high-performance ignition engines and almost all compression-ignition engines require the use of cylinder liners whose main functions are: (1) Piston guidance: (2) aids in sealing (gas, oil and water); 3) to help the combustion zone cooling. Table 1 lists some of the engine malfunctions that may occur when the liner does not perform some or all of these functions. The major design features listed in Table 1 are needed to ensure that stresses near the flange of the cylinder liner are reduced and thermal stresses are reduced and equalized.