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指称是对语言表达式与语言外世界之间关系的一种直接实现形式。在描述语言单位与语言外现实的相互关系时必须注意到,不仅是现实世界才可能作为这种语言外现实,一些想象的现实,如文艺作品中的虚构世界,一旦产生,也可以划归语言外的现实。在“虚构现实”中,与艺术作品内容相关的逻辑和指称的关系以及指称特点同样需要得到相应的研究。
Reference is a direct realization of the relationship between language expressions and the language outside world. When describing the interrelationship between linguistic units and extra-linguistic reality, it must be noticed that it is not only the real world that can be used as the extra-linguistic reality of this language. Some imaginary realities, such as the fictional world in literary and artistic works, can be classified as linguistic Outside reality. In “Fictional Reality ”, the relationship between logical and allegory and the referential features related to the content of the artwork also need to be studied accordingly.