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日本的医疗保健投资只有美国的1/2,但日本的婴儿死亡率才相当于美国的一半(见表1),这是为什么呢?原因就是日本的非常有效的母子保健体系。笔者考察了东京、长崎和冲绳,试探讨日本的母子保健体系和值得向其他国家介绍的主要经验。一、社会、文化的因素在日本社会,医生很受尊重,医生本身在行为上严守医生的尊严、自爱;护士被人们看成是战斗在繁重劳动第一线上的神圣的天使,医护人员尽职尽责深受人们信赖。二、母子保健系统的作用过去的三十年间,一直为降低婴儿死亡率奋斗的母子保健系统,如今甚得好评,其计划目标是“早期发现母子的异常”。妇女把向市镇、街道、村作妊娠申报当做义务,在申报后两周内,市镇、街道、村的母子保健中心送来检查诊断指导。中心每月还做婴儿健康检查,特别是把检查重点放在1个月、3个月、6个月和9个月。
Japan’s health care investment is only one-half that of the United States, but Japan’s infant mortality rate is equivalent to half that of the United States (see Table 1). Why? The reason is Japan’s very effective maternal and child health system. The author examines Tokyo, Nagasaki and Okinawa and explores the mother-child health system in Japan and the main lessons worthy of introducing to other countries. I. Social and Cultural Factors In Japan, doctors are highly respected. Doctors themselves behave in strict compliance with their doctors’ dignity and self-love. Nurses are seen as sacred angels who fight in the heavy labor front and due diligence Duty by the people trust. The Role of Maternal and Child Health Care System Maternal and child health care systems that have been fighting for reducing infant mortality over the past 30 years are now well received. The goal of the program is “to detect mother-child anomalies early.” Women took the obligation to declare their pregnancy to towns, streets and villages. After two weeks of reporting, women and children’s health centers in towns, streets and villages sent inspection and diagnosis instructions. The center also performs monthly baby health checkups. In particular, the checkups focus on 1 month, 3 months, 6 months and 9 months.