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气溶胶是大气环境的重要组成部分,其成分比较复杂,并随来源的不同而异,而对人体健康的影响则决定于其粒度,结构和组成。本文提供了一种以玻璃态石墨为衬底,对气溶胶颗粒直接进行扫描电镜观察(JSM—35C型)和X射线能谱分析(EDAX—9100型)的方法。通过对承德地区气溶胶颗粒的观察和分析,发现小于1μm颗粒近似球状,以硫的氧化物为主要成分,含少量二氧化硅(见图1)。可以认为是二氧化硫的转化产物在氧化硅或硅酸盐上凝聚而成见表1,大于1μm的颗粒呈不规则形状,以硅铝酸盐为基本成分,并普遍含有镁,钙,钛,钾,钠,铁等地壳元素,其来源为风化的岩石粉尘,其它人为产生的污染元素也主要存在于大于1μm的颗粒的气溶胶中,见图2,表2。
Aerosols are an important part of the atmosphere and their compositions are complex and vary from source to source. However, their effects on human health depend on their size, structure and composition. This article provides a direct glass-based graphite as a substrate, the aerosol particles directly observed by scanning electron microscopy (JSM-35C type) and X-ray energy spectrum analysis (EDAX-9100 type) method. Through the observation and analysis of the aerosol particles in Chengde area, it is found that the particles smaller than 1μm are nearly spherical, with the sulfur oxide as the main component, containing a small amount of silica (see Figure 1). It can be considered that the conversion products of sulfur dioxide are agglomerated on silicon oxide or silicate. See Table 1, the particles larger than 1 μm are irregularly shaped, the aluminosilicate is the basic component, and generally contains magnesium, calcium, titanium, potassium, Sodium, iron and other crustal elements, the source of weathered rock dust, other man-made pollution elements are also mainly present in aerosols larger than 1μm particles, shown in Figure 2,