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乔治·卢卡奇在《历史与阶级意识》中把总体观看作马克思主义的核心和本质,强调只有将社会生活中散落的事实作为总体置放于历史进程,才可达到获知现实的目的。文学作品中要以总体观为前提,要以历史人性为路径,要以实现对民族现实的认知为目的。历史人性,是人与自然间物质代谢形成的普遍人性与人与社会间形成的社会关系作为整体的自然联系的辩证统一的结果,其文学形式是典型人物及其典型命运。典型人物及其典型命运包含着民族的过去、现在、未来,使文学作品实现了对民族现实的总体性认知。
George Lukacs regarded the overall view as the core and essence of Marxism in “History and Class Consciousness”, stressing that the purpose of gaining reality can only be attained by putting the fact scattered in social life as a whole in the historical process. The literary works should take the overall view as the premise, take the historical and human nature as the path, and aim at realizing the cognition of the national reality. Historical human nature is the result of the universal human nature formed by the material metabolism between man and nature and the dialectical unity of the social relations formed by man and society as a whole. The literary form is the typical figure and its typical destiny. The typical characters and their typical destinies contain the past, the present and the future of the nation, enabling literary works to realize the overall cognition of the national reality.