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供销合作社能否搞股份制?1989年春中国供销合作经济学会组织的那场讨论,使人们基本上取得了共识:供销社不能搞股份化,但可引入股份制一些机制,以增加供销社的活力,提高效率。这里,介绍一种西方发达资本主义国家中较普遍的股份合作社,看看它的某些做法能否为我们引入股份制的一些机制,带来某种启示。 (一) 股份合作社是指利用发行股票的方式来集资组成的合作社。它是在合作社经营所需资本剧增,而仅靠社员股金不能满足需要的情况下,将股份制的集资方式用于合作社后出现的。这种合作社尽管采用股票的形式,但是由于它们仍然按照合作社的原则经营,因此并没有改变合作社性质。 如同股份公司一样,股份合作社也发行普通股票和优先股票。普通股票拥有投票权,只卖给符合供销社成员资格的人,凡购得普通股票就取得了社员资格。通常每个社员只购买一股。合作社对这种股票不支付红利。社员购得一股普通股票后,就拥有合作社社员所有的一
Supply and marketing cooperatives can engage in joint-stock system? The spring of 1989 China Federation of Supply and Demand Economic Cooperation organized the discussion, so that people basically reached a consensus: the supply and marketing cooperatives can not engage in the stock, but can introduce some mechanism for joint-stock companies in order to increase the vitality of the supply and marketing cooperatives to improve effectiveness. Here, we introduce some of the more common stock cooperatives in the capitalist countries of the West and see if some of its practices could introduce some mechanism for introducing a shareholding system to us. (I) Stock cooperatives refer to the cooperatives that make use of the method of issuing shares to raise funds. It is the capital required for the operation of cooperatives surge, but only by the members of the stock can not meet the needs of the case, the joint-stock fund-raising methods used after the emergence of cooperatives. Although such cooperatives adopt the form of shares, they do not change the nature of cooperatives because they are still operating on the principle of cooperatives. Like stock companies, stock cooperatives also issue ordinary and preferred stock. Ordinary shares have the right to vote, only sold to meet the membership of the supply and marketing cooperatives, who purchased ordinary shares to obtain membership. Usually each member only buys one share. The cooperative does not pay a dividend on this stock. After the members purchase an ordinary stock, they have all the members of the cooperative