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本文通报了2016年全国血吸虫病疫情,并对全国血吸虫病预防控制工作数据和454个国家级血吸虫病监测点疫情监测数据进行了汇总和分析。截至2016年底,全国12个血吸虫病流行省(直辖市、自治区)中,上海、浙江、福建、广东、广西等省(直辖市、自治区)完成并通过了达到血吸虫病消除标准的复核,四川、云南、江苏、湖北、安徽、江西、湖南等7省已达到传播控制标准。全国共有451个血吸虫病流行县(市、区),总人口2.57亿人;共有29 692个流行村,总人口6938.54万人。全国451个流行县(市、区)中,有159个(占35.25%)达到了血吸虫病消除标准,191个(占42.35%)达到传播阻断标准,101个(占22.39%)达到传播控制标准。2016年,全国推算血吸虫病病人数为54 454例,较2015年的77 194例减少了29.46%;全年未发现急性血吸虫病病例;尚存晚期血吸虫病病人30 573例。2016年,全国共完成人群血吸虫病查病8 500 710人,共发现粪检阳性600例,较2015年的3 606例减少了83.36%。2016年,全国共有22 140个流行村开展了钉螺分布调查,有7 106个村查出了钉螺、占调查总数的32.10%,其中有20个村为新查出有螺村;共开展查螺813 963.91hm~2,查出有钉螺分布面积235 096.04 hm~2,其中新发现钉螺面积1 346.48 hm~2,未发现血吸虫感染性钉螺。2016年,全国血吸虫病流行区现有存栏耕牛881 050头,共检查耕牛510 468头,粪检发现血吸虫阳性耕牛8头。2016年,全国共治疗血吸虫病人147 642例,扩大化疗2 303 555人次;治疗病牛9头,扩大化疗耕牛439 857头次。2016年,全国共开展药物灭螺总面积为139 483.84 hm~2、其中实际药物灭螺73 941.75 hm~2;开展环境改造灭螺面积为3 101.52 hm~2。2016年,全国454个国家级血吸虫病监测点居民和耕牛血吸虫平均感染率分别为0.02%和0.007 8%,未发现感染性钉螺。疫情数据分析显示,2016年全国血吸虫病疫情较2015年进一步下降。但全国流行区钉螺分布面积仍较大,部分流行区仍存在一定数量的血吸虫病传染源,血吸虫病流行与传播的客观因素、以及疫情反复与回升的风险因素依然存在。因此,全国仍需加大血吸虫病防治与监测工作力度,进一步实施精准防控,推进全国消除血吸虫病进程。
This article reports the national epidemic situation of schistosomiasis in 2016 and summarizes and analyzes the data of national schistosomiasis prevention and control work and the surveillance data of 454 national schistosomiasis surveillance spots. By the end of 2016, among the 12 provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) that have endemic to schistosomiasis in the country, Shanghai, Zhejiang, Fujian, Guangdong and Guangxi provinces (municipalities and autonomous regions) completed and passed the review to meet the standard for eliminating schistosomiasis. Sichuan, Yunnan, Jiangsu, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangxi, Hunan and other seven provinces have reached the standard of communication control. There are 451 endemic counties (cities and districts) in the country with a total population of 257 million. There are 29,692 popular villages with a total population of 69,385,400. Out of 451 epidemic counties (cities and districts) in the country, 159 (35.25%) reached the standard of eliminating schistosomiasis, 191 (42.35%) met the criteria for transmission and 101 (22.39%) reached the level of transmission control standard. In 2016, 54 454 cases of schistosomiasis were estimated nationwide, down 29.46% from 77 194 cases in 2015; no cases of acute schistosomiasis were found throughout the year; and 30 573 cases of surviving schistosomiasis were still present. In 2016, a total of 8 500 710 people were enrolled in the nationwide survey of schistosomiasis. A total of 600 positive stool tests were found, a decrease of 83.36% from the 3 606 cases in 2015. In 2016, snail distribution surveys were conducted in 22 140 endemic villages across the country. Snails were found in 7,106 villages, accounting for 32.10% of the total number of surveys, of which 20 villages newly found have Lo Wu; 813 963.91hm ~ 2, Snail snail distribution area of 235 096.04 hm ~ 2 was found, of which newly found Snail snail area was 1 346.48 hm ~ 2. Infectious snails were not found. In 2016, a total of 881 050 cattle were kept in endemic areas of schistosomiasis in the country, with 510 468 cattle being examined and 8 schistosome-infected cattle found in the fecal examination. In 2016, a total of 147 642 cases of schistosomiasis were treated in the country, expanding the number of treated patients by 2 303 555; treating 9 sick wkites and expanding 439 857 first-time cured cows. In 2016, a total of 139 483.84 hm ~ 2 of the total area for drug snail in the country was launched, of which 73 941.75 hm ~ 2 for the actual drug snail elimination and 3 101.52 hm 2 for the environmental rehabilitation project. In 2016, 454 national The average infection rates of inhabitants of schistosomiasis monitoring spot and schistosoma haemorrhagiae were 0.02% and 0.007 8%, respectively. Infectious snails were not found. Epidemic data analysis showed that the national epidemic rate of schistosomiasis in 2016 further declined from 2015. However, the prevalence of Oncomelania snails in the endemic areas is still large. Some endemic areas still contain some sources of schistosomiasis infection. The prevalence and transmission of schistosomiasis are still objective factors and the risk factors for the recurrence and recovery of the epidemic still exist. Therefore, the whole country still needs to step up its efforts in prevention and control of schistosomiasis, further implement precise prevention and control and push forward the process of eliminating schistosomiasis throughout the country.