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有机合成是高考的热点,主要考查有机物的组成、性质、有机反应类型及方程式、结构简式和同分异构体等。下面根据教材和考试说明提炼出有机合成的重要考点,并精选试题阐释一下该考点在高考中的考查方式和类型等。一、根据逆向合成法设计合成路线逆向合成法是在设计复杂化合物的合成路线时常用的方法,它是将目标化合物倒推一步寻找上一步反应的中间体,该中间体同辅助原料反应可以得到目标化合物。而这个中间体,又可以由上一步的中间体得到,依次类推,最后确定最适宜的基础原料。推导路线如下:产品→中间产物→原料。逆向合成
Organic synthesis is a hot college entrance examination, mainly to examine the composition of organic matter, the nature of the organic reaction type and equation, the structure of simple and isomers. The following based on teaching materials and examinations to extract the important organic synthesis of test sites, and select the test questions to explain the exam in the college entrance examination examinations and types. First, the reverse synthesis method according to the design of synthetic route Reverse synthesis method is the method used in the design of complex synthetic routes, it is the target compound one step back to find the reaction of the intermediate, the intermediate reaction with the auxiliary material can be obtained The target compound. And this intermediate, but also by the intermediate of the previous step, and so on, and finally determine the most appropriate basis for raw materials. Derivation of the route is as follows: product → intermediate product → raw materials. Reverse synthesis