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目的 分析脱落细胞涂片和组织病理切片检测P53蛋白水平的意义，探讨P53表达与微核的关系。方法 对20例白斑和18例鳞癌患者的口腔粘膜脱落细胞涂片和组织病理切片进行P53表达的免疫组化研究。对脱落细胞涂片还进行了微核计数的分析。结果 组织切片中，P53表达阳性率在上皮异常增生白斑中为60%，在上皮单纯增生白斑中为10%（P<0.05）。P53蛋白表达阳性组和阴性组细胞微核数无显著性差异。结论 P53蛋白的过度表达从肿瘤发生的早期阶段就开始出现，与上皮增生的程度有正相关性。微核计数升高是肿瘤发生中更早期的事件。“,”Objective To evaluate the significance of over-expression of P53protein using the exfoliative smears and tissue specimens.To study the relationship between over-expression of P53 protein and micronucleus assay. Methods Exfoliative smears and tissues were obtained from 20 patients with leukoplakia and 18 patients with oral squamous cell carcinoma.Over-expression of P53 protein was detected by immunohistochemistry.The frequency of micronucleated cells was calculated in the exfoliative smears. Results P53 positive tissue sections were observed in 10% of leukoplakia without dysplasia and 60% of leukoplakia with dysplasia.There was no significant difference of the frequency of micronucleated cells between P53 positive group and P53 negative group. Conclusion P53 alteration is an early event in oral carcinogenesis and an indicator of a developing carcinoma.It is also correlated with the dysplasia of the lesion.The micronucleus test can observe the lesion more early than P53 immunohistochemical methods.