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流行性腮腺炎(流腮)是一种疫苗可预防的病毒性疾病,临床表现为腮腺肿胀,可伴有严重的并发症,如脑膜炎、脑炎、睾丸炎或卵巢炎。2011年9月29日,美国加利福尼亚州公共卫生部(California Department of Public Health,CDPH)在评估大学生流腮症状健康服务中,通过聚合酶链反应(Polymerase Chain Reaction,PCR)确诊了3例学生流腮病例。CDPH、学生健康服务中心和当地卫生部门的联合调查确诊了29例流腮。推测的传染源指示病例是无免疫史、且近期有欧洲西部(当地正在流行流腮)旅行史的学生。该学生较9月29日确诊病例流腮症状出现日期早≥28d。卫生部门认识到在预警前至少出现了2代传播,将接种麻疹-流腮-风疹联合减毒活疫苗(MeaslesMumps-Rubella Combined Attenuated Live Vaccine,MMR)作为一项控制措施。本次爆发证明,新生入学前接种MMR(包括免疫史资料或其他免疫力证据)、提高疑似流腮病例临床诊断意识和及时向公共卫
Mumps (gruel) is a vaccine-preventable viral disease that is clinically manifested as swelling of the parotid gland that can be accompanied by serious complications such as meningitis, encephalitis, orchitis or ovarian inflammation. On September 29, 2011, the California Department of Public Health (CDPH) confirmed 3 student flows by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) in assessing the health services of mumps in college students Mumps cases. A joint survey of CDPH, Student Health Services and the local health department confirmed 29 cases of gills. The presumed sources of infection indicate that there is no history of immunization, and recent travel history in western Europe (where gills are popular). The students than September 29 confirmed case meningitis symptoms appear earlier than 28d. The health sector recognized that at least two generations of transmission occurred prior to warning and that MeaslesMumps-Rubella Combined Attenuated Live Vaccine (MMR) was used as a control. The outbreak proved that freshmen were vaccinated before entering MMR (including the history of immunization data or other evidence of immunity), improve the clinical diagnosis of suspected mumps cases and prompt awareness of public health