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分配机制包括收入分配机制和资源分配机制,皆直接影响总供求。收入分配机制可分为硬预算约束性和软预算约束性收入分配机制,前者可以保证总需求有序增加,而后者则往往激发总需求膨胀,因而前者乃追求目标。资源分配机制可分为行政性资源分配机制和有宏观协调的市场资源分配机制,前者往往难以增加有效供给,而后者则能够使有效供给高效增加,因而后者乃追求目标。收入分配机制与资源分配机制有四种结合方式:一是软预算约束性收入分配机制同行政性资源分配机制相结合;二是硬预算约束性收入分配机制同行政性资源分配机制相结合;三是软预算约束性收入分配机制同有宏观协调的市场资源分配机制相结合;四是硬预算约束性收入分配机制同有宏观协调的市场资源分配机制相结合。其中,只有第四种结合方式才能保证总供求平衡。
Distribution mechanism, including income distribution mechanism and resource allocation mechanism, all directly affect the total supply and demand. Income distribution mechanism can be divided into hard budget constraint and soft budget constraint income distribution mechanism. The former can guarantee the orderly increase of total demand, while the latter tends to stimulate the expansion of total demand, so the former is the pursuit of the goal. Resource allocation mechanism can be divided into administrative resource allocation mechanism and macro-coordinated market resource allocation mechanism, the former is often difficult to increase the effective supply, while the latter can make effective supply increased efficiently, so the latter is the pursuit of goals. There are four combinations of income distribution mechanism and resource allocation mechanism: one is the combination of soft budget constraint income distribution mechanism and administrative resource allocation mechanism; the other is hard budget constraint income distribution mechanism combined with administrative resource allocation mechanism; The combination of soft budget constraint income distribution mechanism and macro-coordinated market resource allocation mechanism; fourth, the hard-budget constraint income distribution mechanism is combined with a macro-coordinated market resource allocation mechanism. Among them, only the fourth combination of ways to ensure the balance of supply and demand.