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1背景1·1流行病学轮状病毒是世界上引起5岁儿童重症腹泻的首位病原,每年轮状病毒感染引起2 500万门诊病例和200万住院病例。在发展中国家,3/4的儿童在12月龄就会发生轮状病毒初次感染,而在发达国家初次感染通常延迟至2~5岁。重症轮状病毒胃肠炎的发生主要限于6~24月龄儿童。
1 Background 1.1 Epidemiology Rotavirus is the world’s leading cause of severe diarrhea in 5-year-old children, causing 25 million outpatient cases and 2 million inpatient cases each year due to rotavirus infection. In developing countries, three-fourths of children experience an initial rotavirus infection at 12 months of age, whereas initial infections in developed countries are usually delayed to two to five years. Occurrence of severe rotavirus gastroenteritis is mainly limited to 6 to 24 months of age children.