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过境通行制度作为肇始于科孚海峡案、最终在《联合国海洋法公约》生效后适用于国际海峡的重要制度体系无疑对于国际航行具有举足轻重的意义。然而在其复杂的制度体系运作中,存在对海峡环境保护应对不足的问题。《联合国海洋法公约》第43条为立法者独具匠心地加入到过境通行制度体系中,为各国应对环境污染问题上的合作提供了框架。通过对《联合国海洋法公约》第43条的剖析,本文认为《联合国海洋法公约》第43条的合作并非具有强制性。合作方式上,其资金来源于“国与国”层面的资金支持,合作主体上应对使用国的范围作扩大解释以鼓励更多主体参与海峡合作;在争端机制问题上,应着重考虑“合理”相关标准以判断是否进入《联合国海洋法公约》争端解决机制。
Transit system As the system of important systems that originated in the Corfu Channel case and finally applied to the international strait after the entry into force of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, it is undoubtedly of great significance to international voyages. However, in its complicated operation of the institutional system, there is a problem of insufficient response to the environmental protection in the Taiwan Strait. Article 43 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea provides legislators with unique originality in the system of transit systems and provides the framework for all countries to co-operate on environmental pollution issues. Through the analysis of Article 43 of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, the article concludes that the cooperation of Article 43 of the UNCLOS is not mandatory. In the mode of cooperation, the funds come from the fund support at the level of “the country and the country”. The cooperation subject should expand the explanation of the scope of the user country to encourage more subjects to participate in the cooperation. In the dispute mechanism, “Reasonable” criteria to determine whether to enter the “United Nations Convention on Law of the Sea” dispute settlement mechanism.