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1、沿着使企业成为适应市场、自主经营、自负盈亏的商品生产经营者这一思路,企业的改革,以1978年的扩权试点为契机,经过1981年、1982年试行经济责任制和1983年、1986年实行的两步利改税,历时八年,使得高度集中的计划经济体制逐步解体,企业也从传统的指令性指标约束中解脱出来,企业的行为方式也由此偏离了旧的模式,经营者和职工的能动
1. Following the idea of making enterprises become commodity producers and marketers who adapt to the market, operate independently, and assume responsibility for their own profits and losses, the reform of the enterprise was based on the 1978 expansion of the pilot program as a turning point. After 1981 and 1982, the economic responsibility system was tried out and 1983. The two-step profit-and-tax reform that was implemented in 1986 and 1986 took eight years, which led to the gradual disintegration of a highly centralized planned economic system. Enterprises were also freed from the constraints of the traditional mandatory indicators, and the behavior of enterprises was also deviated from the old ones. Mode, the dynamics of managers and employees