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近15年中,世界上一些不发达地区因肠道致病菌广泛耐药造成多次爆发流行。在爆发流行中各种抗生素的大量应用,又促使致病菌株对这些抗生素产生耐药性。细菌的耐药标志物是1种或多种具有基因编码的耐药质粒。关于肠道细菌的耐药性问题在1969年就已引起世界性的重视。当时,细菌性痢疾在危地马拉大流行,后蔓延至6个中美洲国家及墨西哥南部。那次流行造成50万人患病,成千上万人死亡。由于志贺氏痢疾杆菌自第二次世界大战后不久,实际已在全球消失,因此那次爆发流行完全未被预料。流行的致病菌株对磺胺、链霉素、四环素及氯霉素等均
In the past 15 years, some underdeveloped areas in the world have been exposed to multiple outbreaks due to the widespread resistance of enteric pathogens. The large number of applications of various antibiotics in the outbreak has prompted pathogenic strains to become resistant to these antibiotics. Bacterial resistance markers are one or more drug-resistant plasmids with a gene encoding. The question of bacterial resistance to gut bacteria has drawn worldwide attention in 1969. At that time, bacillary dysentery was endemic to Guatemala and spread to 6 Central American countries and southern Mexico. That epidemic caused 500,000 sick and thousands of deaths. Since Shigella dysenteriae has virtually disappeared around the world since the Second World War, the outbreak was completely unanticipated. Pathogenic strains of the popular sulfa, streptomycin, tetracycline and chloramphenicol and so on