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目的评估2013—2014年度中山市托幼儿童接种季节性流感疫苗(简称流感疫苗)的保护效果(vaccine effectiveness,VE)及成本效益。方法选取3所托幼机构进行对照试验研究。2013年11月,托幼机构儿童的监护人根据自愿、自费原则,选择是否为儿童接种流感疫苗。随访时间为2014年1~7月,获得疫苗接种者和未接种者流感样病例(influenza like ill,ILI)发病情况及相关费用,计算流感疫苗VE及成本效益。结果 3所托幼机构儿童流感疫苗接种率44.09%(399/905)。未接种组年龄、性别、健康状况与接种组差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。接种流感疫苗后4个月、6个月和8个月内对ILI发病的VE分别为80.54%(95%CI:14.12%~96.05%)、62.16%(95%CI:39.21%~77.15%)和47.05%(95%CI:24.26%~63.11%)。接种流感疫苗4个月、6个月和8个月内,人均接种效益分别为16.49元、49.48元和47.87元,效益-成本比分别为0.28:1、0.85:1和0.83:1。结论托幼儿童接种流感疫苗有较好的保护效果和经济效益。
Objective To assess the vaccine effectiveness (VE) and cost-effectiveness of vaccination of children and young children in Zhongshan in 2013-2014. Methods Three nurseries were selected for control study. In November 2013, guardians of children in child-care establishments chose whether to vaccinate their children against the principle of voluntariness and self-pay. The follow-up period was from January to July 2014, and the incidence and related costs of influenza-like ill patients (ILI) in vaccinated and non-vaccinated patients were obtained. VE and cost-effectiveness were calculated. Results The vaccination rate of children flu in three nurseries was 44.09% (399/905). There was no significant difference in age, sex, health condition and inoculation group in unvaccinated group (P> 0.05). The VE incidence of ILI within 4 months, 6 months and 8 months after vaccination was 80.54% (95% CI: 14.12% ~ 96.05%), 62.16% (95% CI: 39.21% ~ 77.15%) And 47.05% (95% CI: 24.26% ~ 63.11%). Inoculation of influenza vaccine 4 months, 6 months and 8 months, the per capita benefits of inoculation were 16.49 yuan, 49.48 yuan and 47.87 yuan, the cost-benefit ratio were 0.28: 1, 0.85: 1 and 0.83: 1 respectively. Conclusion Infants and young children’s flu vaccination has better protection and economic benefits.