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多年来,通常假设雷达视频杂波的幅度概率分布为瑞利分布。在瑞利杂波环境中线性接收机的性能与最佳接收机十分接近,且对数接收机加微分电路或单元平均恒虚警率(CFAR)电路都可实现雷达的CFAR处理。但是,现代雷达的分辨力更加精细,雷达照射区域减小,特别是距离元尺寸很小,实测的雷达杂波幅度概率分布明显偏离瑞利分布,具有较长尾部。这时如仍采用瑞利假设设计雷达检测器,则在实际杂波环境中将使虚警概率增加太多。所以近十几年来,对非瑞利杂波环境中的雷达检测问题进行了广泛的研究,并取得一些重要成果。本文简要论述非瑞利杂波中的雷达最佳检测及CFAR检测,包括雷达杂波概率模型、最佳检测、参量CFAR检测、非参量检测、稳固(robust)检测等。
Over the years, it has been assumed that the amplitude probability distribution of radar video clutter is Rayleigh distribution. The performance of a linear receiver in a Rayleigh clutter environment is very close to that of the best receiver, and the CFAR processing of the radar can be accomplished with a logarithmic receiver plus differential circuit or a unitary averaging CFAR circuit. However, the resolving power of modern radar is finer and the area of radar illumination is reduced, especially the distance element size is very small. The measured radar clutter amplitude probability distribution obviously deviates from Rayleigh distribution and has a long tail. In this case, if Rayleigh assumption is still used to design the radar detector, the false alarm probability will increase too much in the actual clutter environment. Therefore, over the past ten years, extensive research has been carried out on radar detection problems in non-Rayleigh clutter and some important achievements have been made. This article briefly discusses the radar best detection and CFAR detection in non-Rayleigh clutter, including the radar clutter probabilistic model, the best detection, the parametric CFAR detection, the non-parametric detection, the robust detection and so on.