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马克思的目的是要说明人对价值的需要无须超越历史就能得到满足。认为善(good)内在于历史上与断言善是与历史相同的并非一回事。马克思并不是一个历史主义者——如罗森所使用的术语——因为他没有把善与“所发生之事”等同起来。罗森认为,马克思必定主张在历史中发生的任何事情都是可允许的。马克思的标准是人,而不是历史中在马克思的特定意义上算作人类的(行动)的所有行动。实际上在历史进程中,绝大多数个体是以一种非人的方式把自己对象化的。这就是马克思把前共产主义时期描述为“前历史”的原因,因为那是这样一段时间,在其中社会存在是人类活动的无意识的产物。只有当诸个体自觉地决定其生活并把物质世界置于合作性控制之下,恰当意义上的历史才真正开始。
The purpose of Marx is to show that man’s need for value can be satisfied without exceeding history. It is not the same thing to think that good is intrinsic to history and asserting goodness is the same as history. Marx was not a historicist - as Rosen used - because he did not equate good with what happened. Lawson believes that Marx must have argued that anything that happened in history is permissible. Marx’s criterion is humanity, not all action in history historically regarded as human (action) in the particular sense of Marx. In fact, in the course of history, the overwhelming majority of individuals object themselves in a non-human way. This is why Marx described the pre-communist period as “pre-history ” because it is a period of time in which social existence is an unconscious product of human activity. Only when all individuals consciously decide their lives and put the material world under cooperative control, history in its proper sense has really begun.