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当讲不同语言的一些群体发生接触时,下列事物中的一种可能会发生。如果接触短暂或出于偶然,他们不需要说话,只通过手势进行交际,像集市上的无言交易情况那样。或者两个群体可以讲双方都懂的第三种语言来进行交际——像在印度,人们讲14种不同语言和为数众多的方言,而把英语作为共同语言。第三种可能性是一个群体的成员学习另一个群体的语言,但是这种解决办法一般只有通过征服或统治才会实现。第四种可采用的方法,就是我在
When some groups speaking different languages come into contact, one of the following things may happen. If the contact is brief or accidental, they do not need to talk, they only communicate through gestures, as in the marketless conversation. Or two groups can communicate in a third language that both parties understand - as in India, people speak 14 different languages and a large number of dialects, and English as a common language. A third possibility is that members of one group learn another group’s language, but such solutions are generally only achieved through conquest or domination. The fourth method that can be used is that I am here