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一、问题采掘工作的实质就是破离部分岩石和防止围岩破碎。掘进岩石井巷的主要问题是快速破碎岩石。随着采矿和各种地下工程的飞速发展,在岩层中开掘各种井巷、隧道和峒室的数量急剧增加。近十几年来,全世界每年仅为采矿而掘进的井巷长度,就由数万公里而增至数十万公里。传统的循环钻爆法由于掘进速度慢,机械化程度低,工程质量和安全性都较差,显然不能满足这种日益增长的需要。怎么办?可能由下列三条途径解决:
First, the essence of the problem mining work is to break away some of the rock and prevent the surrounding rock from being broken. The main problem in tunneling rock shafts is the rapid crushing of rocks. With the rapid development of mining and various underground works, the number of tunnels and pylons has been dramatically increased by excavation of various boreholes in rock formations. In the past decade or so, the length of wellways excavated each year exclusively for mining in the world has increased from tens of thousands of kilometers to hundreds of thousands of kilometers. The traditional cyclic drilling and blasting method can not meet this growing need due to slow tunneling speed, low degree of mechanization and poor engineering quality and safety. What to do? There are three possible solutions: