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当前,近岸海洋工程已成为国内外重要的工程之一。港湾建设、石油平台、海防的各种设施都是当前各国建设中的急需项目。我国14个港口开放所需要的港湾建设的任务相当繁重,大量地建造石油平台、布放沿海防风水鼓如采取过去的钻探取样显然是一种既费时又费钱的落后方法。现在,国际上广泛采取水下静力触探的方法——利用海底圆锥贯入仪取得海底土质特性的资料,从而解决了以上有关海洋工程项目对土质的要求。国外许多海洋工程建设中,如果没有静力触探数据,就会被宣布无招标资格。这是由于海底圆锥贯入仪具有能连续快速提供随深度变化的、准确反映出原位地基土质的天然属性。这是任何方法所不能代替的。现国内还未在海洋工程中开展此项工作。本文简单地介绍目前国外使用的几种先进的海底圆锥贯入议,以及它们在有关地区进行的实验结果。有的圆锥贯入仪对我国的海洋工程非常适用,颇有参考价值。本文的目的是希望这些仪器能在国内海洋工程建设中得到应用和发展,为我国海洋石油和近海工程尽微薄之力。
At present, offshore marine engineering has become one of the important projects at home and abroad. Harbor facilities, oil platforms, and various facilities at Haiphong are all urgently needed projects under construction in various countries. The task of building the harbor required for the opening up of 14 ports in our country is quite arduous. Extensive oil platform construction and the deployment of coastal wind-proof drums, such as the drilling sampling taken in the past, are obviously a time-consuming and costly backward method. Nowadays, the international community has widely adopted the method of underwater static detection - the use of submarine cone penetrating instrument to obtain information on the characteristics of the seafloor soil, which solves the above requirements for marine engineering projects on soil quality. In many foreign marine engineering construction, if there is no static probe data, it will be declared without tender qualification. This is due to the fact that the submarine cone penetration instrument has the natural ability to continuously and quickly provide changes in depth that accurately reflect the soil properties of the in situ foundation. This can not be replaced by any method. At present, this work has not been carried out in offshore engineering. This article briefly introduces several advanced conical penetration studies currently in use overseas and their experimental results in the relevant areas. Some cone penetrating instrument is very applicable to China’s marine engineering, quite a reference value. The purpose of this paper is to hope that these instruments can be applied and developed in the domestic marine engineering construction and make meager contribution to the offshore oil and offshore engineering in China.