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建国三十余年来,在“左”的思想影响下,片面强调一次投资,忽视了事后生产、维修等方面的综合经济效果,因此工业厂房一般都比较单薄;加之在使用过程中,由于经常受到高温、湿热、大气、雨水、烟尘、化学介质的交替作用,使厂房建筑遭受着不同程度的腐蚀;有的厂房由于年久失修,以及使用管理不当,缩短了建筑物的使用年限,危险厂房越积越多,生产很不安全;特别是在当前国民经济调整期间,挖革改任务加重,对已有建筑物的再利用程度增大,因此,对工业厂房的质量检测、评价和加固问题是当前迫切需要研究的一项重要课题。国外对工业厂房的可靠性评价,已从传统经验法,即以简单的验算、凭经验判断的方法过渡到实用鉴定法,利用现代化检测仪器、检测技术、数理统计、电子计算机等作为有效的科学手段,对建筑物的可靠性进行描述、分析和预测,从而形成有根据的判断和评价。近年来又逐步向概率法方面发展,这种方法十分强调系统分析和定量分析,系统分析就是从全局从整体来估价建筑物的可靠性,定量分析就是要把握反映一定质的量的界限。对一些随机的不确定因素,采用概率的方法加以量化,逐步使其从定性到定量,这是概率法的显著特点之一。尽管可靠性评价皆以科学为依据,但由于现实中存在着大量的不确定因素,在判断时难以完全预料,因此必须做好原始资料的积累,统计数据要求准确,以便查对和利用,这是实现可靠性评价最基本的条件。
For more than 30 years since the founding of the People’s Republic of China, under the influence of “Left” thinking, one-sided emphasis on one-time investment has neglected the comprehensive economic effects of post-production production and maintenance. As a result, industrial plants are generally relatively thin; in addition, due to the frequent use of Due to the alternating effects of high temperature, humidity, atmosphere, rain, smoke, and chemical media, the plant buildings are subject to varying degrees of corrosion; some plants are disrepaired due to disrepair, and the use of improper management, shorten the useful life of buildings, dangerous buildings More and more, the production is insecure; especially during the current adjustment of the national economy, the task of excavation and alteration is aggravated and the degree of reuse of existing buildings is increased. Therefore, the quality inspection, evaluation, and reinforcement of industrial plants are problematic. It is an important issue that urgently needs to be studied. The evaluation of the reliability of industrial plants abroad has changed from the traditional experience method, that is, the simple verification method and the empirical judgment method to the practical appraisal method. The use of modern detection instruments, detection technology, mathematical statistics, and electronic computers are effective sciences. Means to describe, analyze and predict the reliability of a building to form a basis for judgment and evaluation. In recent years, it has gradually developed to the probabilistic method. This method places great emphasis on systematic analysis and quantitative analysis. System analysis is to evaluate the reliability of buildings from the overall perspective. Quantitative analysis is to grasp the boundaries that reflect a certain amount of quality. For some random uncertainties, it is quantified by using probabilistic methods, gradually making it from qualitative to quantitative, which is one of the salient features of the probabilistic method. Although reliability evaluation is based on science, because there are a lot of uncertainties in reality, it is difficult to fully predict when making judgments. Therefore, it is necessary to do a good job of accumulating raw data, and the statistical data are required to be accurate in order to check and use. It is the most basic condition for achieving reliability evaluation.