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虽说关于“符号(表达式)/意义”的探讨源远流长,如先秦公孙龙子的“白马非马”,但将意义问题凸显为思考的核心,并形成一系列自成体系的意义理论,则始于20世纪勃然兴起的分析哲学和语言哲学。如果说古代哲学是本体论(如柏拉图的“理念”),追问世界的本质是什么;而近代哲学是认识论(如康德的“纯粹理性”),追问人们何以知道世界的本质;那么现代哲学就是语言论或符号论,追问我们怎样表述我们所知道的世界本质。这就是常说的西方哲学的第二次“转向”,而弗雷格就是导致这一转向的关键人物。他发表于1892年的著名论文《论意义和意谓》,为意义理论奠定了第一块思想基石。
Although the discussion of “Symbol (Expression) / Meaning” goes back to ancient times, such as “White Horse” in the pre-Qin Gongsun Longzi, it highlights the significance issue as the core of thinking and forms a series of self-contained theory of meaning. Analytical philosophy and language philosophy that flourished in the 20th century. If ancient philosophy is ontology (such as Plato’s “idea”), what is the essence of asking the world? And modern philosophy is epistemology (Kant’s “pure rationality”), asking people why they know the nature of the world; then modern philosophy is Linguistic or symbolic, questioning how we represent the nature of the world as we know it. This is often the second “turn” of Western philosophy, and Frege is the key figure in this turn. His famous essay, “On the Meaning and Meaning,” which was published in 1892, laid the first thought foundation for the theory of meaning.