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目的:掌握陕西省清涧县饮水型氟中毒病区改水现状、改水工程运行情况、目标人群氟中毒知识知晓情况及降氟效果,为饮水型氟中毒防治工作提供科学依据。方法:按照陕西省饮水型氟中毒监测方案的要求,于2009年对清涧县3个自然村进行调查,8~12周岁所有在校儿童采用Deans法进行氟斑牙检查,16周岁以上人群全部进行临床氟骨症检查;在进行氟斑牙、氟骨症检查的人群中随机各抽取30名采集即时尿样检测氟含量,在未改水调查村按东、西、南、北、中随机采集5份水样,已改水调查村随机采集3份末梢水和1份出厂水检测氟含量;目标人群采用问卷方法调查氟中毒知识知晓情况。结果:共检测水样14份,改水工程1处,出厂水水氟为2.30 mg/L,末梢水水氟均值2.17 mg/L,均超过国家饮用水卫生标准;未改水村共采集10份水样,水氟均值2.52 mg/L,超过国家饮用水卫生标准;8~12周岁儿童氟斑牙患病率42.47%,氟斑牙指数0.42,16周岁以上人群未检出氟骨症患者;目标人群氟中毒知识知晓率达标。结论:饮水型氟中毒依然流行,改水防治任务艰巨。今后要加大病区改水步伐,加强健康教育工作。
OBJECTIVE: To grasp the status quo of water diversion, operational status of water diversion project, knowledge of fluoride poisoning in target population and effect of fluoride reduction in drinking water fluorosis area in Qingjian County, Shaanxi Province, so as to provide a scientific basis for prevention and control of drinking water fluorosis. Methods: According to the requirements of drinking water fluoride poisoning monitoring program in Shaanxi Province, we investigated 3 natural villages in Qingjian County in 2009, all children aged 8-12 years underwent Deans method for dental fluorosis, and all the people over 16 years of age Clinical fluorosis test; in the dental fluorosis, skeletal fluorosis examination of the crowd randomly selected 30 instant urine samples collected to detect fluoride content in the village did not change the water according to the East, West, South, North, randomly collected 5 water samples, water diversion survey village randomly collected 3 peripheral water and 1 factory water to detect fluorine content; the target population using questionnaires to investigate knowledge of fluorosis knowledge. Results: A total of 14 water samples were collected and one water diversion project was carried out. The factory water fluoride was 2.30 mg / L and the peripheral water fluoride mean was 2.17 mg / L, all exceeding the national drinking water standards. Water samples, water fluoride mean 2.52 mg / L, more than the national drinking water health standards; children aged 8 to 12 dental fluorosis prevalence rate of 42.47%, dental fluorosis index 0.42, 16 years old and above were not detected skeletal fluorosis patients; The target population fluorine poisoning knowledge rate reached the standard. Conclusion: Drinking water fluorosis is still prevalent, and the task of water diversion is arduous. In the future, we will increase the pace of water improvement in wards and strengthen health education.